An Approach To Stimulation Candidate Selection And Optimization

Description

– An Approach To Stimulation Candidate Selection And Optimization –

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Abstract

Well, stimulation consists of several methods used for enhancing the natural producing ability of the reservoir when the production rate declines. A detailed literature review of some of the well-published simulation models are discussed in this research.

This discussion was preceded with an introduction to formation damage concepts and an overview of well stimulation methods. Production decline curve analysis is combined with economic discounting concepts to develop a model that can be used for optimizing stimulation decisions.

The model is presented in the form of a non-linear programming problem subject to the constraints imposed by the production facilities, reservoir productivity, and the stimulation budget approved by management.

Production data from four stimulation candidate wells, offshore Niger Delta was used to validate the model developed by setting up a maximization problem. The solution to the problem was obtained using non-linear optimization software. The result obtained was verified using Wolfram  Research’s Mathematica 7.0.

The results show that the optimization model can be combined with stimulation treatment modules, developed from industry-wide models, to quantify stimulation benefits. C candidate wells were then ranked based on stimulation cost, payout time and stimulation benefit.

Hence, the model is valid for stimulation candidate selection; and is therefore recommended for use in optimizing stimulation decisions.

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Permeability reduction in the region near the wellbore in a producing zone is referred to as “damage”. The damaged region is called skin zone while the term “skin effect” refers to a dimensionless parameter used to quantify the extent of damage.

Reduction in permeability in the near-wellbore region results in lower productivity due to increased pressure drop, hence damage is not desirable.

The Composite Skin Effect

The skin effect can be obtained from a well test. It measures the extent of damage in the near-wellbore zone.

The total skin effect obtained from the well test is a composite parameter which consists of skin components due to mechanical causes – a disturbance of the fluid flow streamline normal to the well, or formation damage – alteration of the natural reservoir permeability.

It is very important to be able to identify the formation damage component of the skin since t his can be reduced by better operational practices, or possibly, b e removed or bypassed by stimulation treatments.

Formation damage can result from many different operations such as drilling, cementing, perforating, completion/gravel packing, production, injection, workover, stimulation, etc.

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