An Approach to Waterflood Optimization

Description

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Abstract

Waterflooding is the most dominant secondary oil recovery method and its popularity is mainly due to the general availability of water, the relative ease of injecting water, the ability of water to spread easily through an oil-bearing formation and the efficiency of water in displacing oil.

However, waterflooding is not without its challenges. Factors such as reservoir heterogeneity, lateral and vertical variations in permeability and presence of discontinuities greatly affect this process.

This study is aimed at optimizing waterflooding in a case study using geostatistical reservoir characterization and simulation techniques.

The impact of variations in kV/kH ratios across the reservoir on the performance of waterflooding is analyzed. The analysis of the effects of zones of production and injection as well as the waterflood pattern selected on cumulative recovery from a waterflooded reservoir was carried out.

The waterflood patterns considered were the regular five-spot, the direct line drive and the staggered line drive patterns.

Introduction

To meet the ever-increasing demand for petroleum worldwide, it has become increasingly necessary to produce oil and gas fields more economically and efficiently.

Since a significant number of prominent oil fields are mature fields and the number of new discoveries per year is decreasing, it has become more imperative to use secondary oil recovery processes (Nwaozo, 2006).

Waterflooding is one of the most widely used secondary oil recovery means after the exhaustion of the primary depletion energy of a reservoir and it is said to be responsible for high oil production rates in mature oil fields in the U.S and Canada (Craig, 1971).

It basically involves pumping water through an injection well into the reservoir. The water then forces itself through the pore spaces and sweeps the oil towards another set of wells known as producers. As a result, there is an increment in the total oil production from the reservoir.

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