Armed Intervention and the Challenges of Maritime Security in the Gulf of Aden, 2008-2011

Description

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Abstract

The economic collapse and civil war that ensued in Somalia after President Siad Barre gave rise to piracy, armed robbery and dumping of toxic wastes in and around the Gulf  of Aden. The attendant humanitarian crisis attracted the intervention  of the  international community.

This study evaluated armed intervention  and  the  challenges of maritime security in the Gulf of Aden between 2008 and 2011.

The objectives were to: (i) determine whether the application of the principle of political neutrality by the international community enhanced the intervention;

(ii)  explore  whether  the divergence in the interests of members of the international community undermined the task of combating piracy and armed robbery in the Gulf, and (iii) ascertain whether the intervention improved maritime security in the Gulf.

The study was based on the ex- post-facto research design, and adopted qualitative method of data collection and analysis, using the social production and reproduction variant of the Marxian political economy approach.

Introduction

The Gulf of Aden is located in the Arabian Sea between Yemen on the south coast of the Arabian Peninsula and Somalia and Djibouti in the Horn of Africa.

In the  northwest, it connects with the Red Sea through the Bab-el-Mandeb strait. Geographically, the ocean type of the waters is “Gulf”. It covers an area of approximately 2,000,000 km2 and is inhabited by about 90.2 million people (Onuoha, 2010).

The waterway is part of the ever busy Suez Canal shipping route between the Mediterranean Sea and the Arabian Sea  in the  Indian Ocean waters, which are  home  to busy shipping lanes for trade between Asia and East Africa, as well as for ships making longer voyages around South Africa’s Cape of Good Hope (Ploch,  et  al,  2009).

The Gulf provides transit for Persian Gulf oil, and also is a shortcut for trade ships from Europe to Africa, making it an important water way in the world, as far as global trade and commerce is concerned.

Approximately 11 percent of the world’s seaborne petroleum  passes  through the Gulf of Aden on its way to the Suez Canal or to regional refineries.

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