Assessment of Extracellular Beta-Galactosidase Production Potential of Fungi Isolated from Dairy Effluent

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– Assessment of Extracellular Beta-Galactosidase Production Potential of Fungi Isolated from Dairy Effluent –

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Abstract

Dairy wastewater is increasingly becoming an environmental concern. There is a widespread interest in the use of beta-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23) to hydrolyze lactose in milk and dairy products which aid in improving their functional and digestive properties.

An attempt was made to isolate fungi from dairy effluent using standard culture techniques. Physicochemical characteristics and proximate composition of the dairy effluent was analyzed.

The fungi isolated were subsequently screened using Ortho-nitrophenol-beta-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG) discs method for potential to produce beta-galactosidase.

The isolate showing beta-galactosidase activity was selected and used to produce beta-galactosidase under submerged fermentation using the dairy effluent as a substrate.

A total of nine (9) fungi were isolated from the dairy effluent belonging to the Genera Aspergillus, Rhizopus, Rhizomucor and Penicillium with Aspergillus having the highest frequency of occurrence (67%).

Introduction

A dairy is a business enterprise established for the harvesting of animal milk, mostly from cows or goats, but also from buffalo, sheep, or camels for human consumption (Sreemoyee and Priti, 2013).

Among the major industries in the world, dairy is one of the industries producing wastewater rich in organic matter and thus leading to creation of odorous and high Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) containing water (Harush et al., 2011).

Dairy industry produces washwater (a high strength waste) as a byproduct of cleaning the milking facility after each milking event to maintain sanitary operations.

Generally, dairy wastes contain large quantities of milk constituents such as casein, lactose, fat, inorganic salts besides detergents and sanitizers, fresh water and sometimes animal waste which contribute largely towards high BOD and COD (Marwaha et al., 2001; Sweet, 2009).

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