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Assessment of Radio-frequency Radiation Exposure from Selected Mobile Base Stations in Zaria And Environs, Nigeria

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– Assessment of Radio-frequency Radiation Exposure from Selected Mobile Base Stations in Zaria And Environs, Nigeria –

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Abstract

Base transceiver stations (BTS) or mobile base stations produce non-ionizing (RF) energy that is radiated through its antennas into space. There are health effects that can occur when the human body is exposed to high levels of radio frequency (RF) energy.

The health implication associated with exposure from telecommunication masts is demanding attention due to the expansion of telecommunication networks and base station installation.

In this study, power density from various telecommunication masts of different network providers were measured using a spectrum analyser 2658A B and K precision model.

RF radiations within a radial distance of 100 m around some selected areas in Kaduna State were measured. The measured values range between 9.29 nWm-2 to 58.08 nWm-2 with a mean value of 23.52 nWm-2. 

Although values fluctuated due to the influence of other factors including wave interference from other electromagnetic sources around reference base stations.

The results show that radiation exposure level is below the standard limit of 4.5 Wm-2 for 900 MHz system set by the International Commission on Non-ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP) and other regulatory agencies.

This shows that the exposure levels in these areas are low and as such will not pose significant health risks to the people living in the study area. 

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Mobile phone technology has revolutionized the telecommunication industry in Nigeria. Due to its advantages, mobile phone technology has grown rapidly in the last decade.

Presently, there exist more than 6.9 billion mobile subscription globally and over 1.4 million mobile base transceiver stations (BTS) exist worldwide to meet the growing communication demand and the number is increasing significantly (WHO, 2006).

The Global System of Mobile (GSM) communication has proved to be of tremendous benefit to the society especially in a developing country like Nigeria, where other forms of communication exist to a very limited extent.

GSM technology of wireless communication produces constant pulsed microwave radiation. The cellular base stations are transmitting continuously even when nobody is using the phone. The number of cell towers is massively increasing without taking into consideration its disadvantages.

The risk associated with the radiation emitted from base transceiver stations with respect to its proximity to residential and other public areas were of great concern worlwide.

The radiation effects on humans are divided into thermal and nonthermal effects.

Thermal effects are similar to that of cooking in the microwave oven. Non thermal effects are not well defined but it has been reported that it is about 3 to 4 times greater than thermal effects.

Radiation emitted from telecommunication mast is also harmful to the environment by adding to the background radiation and also have negative effect on plants and animals (Girish, 2010). 

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