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Bacterial Load and Enterotoxin Production by Escherichia Coli, in Fish Samples Sold in Nsukka, Nigeria

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Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the level of bacterial contamination of fish retailed in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, during the period of September 2010 to March 2011.

A total number of 120 fish samples comprising of 90 frozen fishes bought from retailers at different retailing joint and 30 fresh fish bought from different fish ponds in Nsukka were collected.

After collection, bacteriological analysis of the fish samples was performed by carrying out Total Bacterial Count (TVC), Total Coliform Count (TCC) in fish of different sources by using Nutrient agar, MacConkey agar and Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) agar respectively.

The mean log Total Plate Count for frozen fish ranged from 7.7 log10 cfu/g in TCC to 8.2 log10 cfu/g in TVC while the mean log Total Plate Count for fresh fish ranged from 6.6 log10 cfu/g in TEC to 7.8 log10 cfu/g in TVC.

Introduction

Seafood from wild fish as well as farmed fish is an important source of protein in the human diet. On a global scale, fish and fish products are the most important  source of protein and  it   is estimated that more than 30% of fish for human consumption comes from aquaculture (Hastein et al., 2006).

The water medium is extremely vulnerable  to  pollution  that  could result from domestic, industrial, and agricultural discharges, contamination from soil, and airborne infections. Hence, fishes and other aquatic life forms are prone to all environmental hazards.

Although an infection from fish as a result of microbial contamination does not  usually result in disease, environmental stresses may upset the balance between the potential pathogens and their hosts.

A number of diseases  involving  normal flora of gastrointestinal  tract or the integument has been documented  (Linton, 1971). Some of this  micro  flora may  not be pathogenic for fish but when they are consumed by man, a disease condition ensues,  e.g., typhoid fever, bacillary dysentery, and bacterial food poisonings.

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