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Chromium Removal from Cheltech (Zaria) Tannery Effluent as a Form of Effluent Treatment

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Description

– Chromium Removal from Cheltech (Zaria) Tannery Effluent as a Form of Effluent Treatment –

Download Chromium Removal from Cheltech (Zaria) Tannery Effluent as a Form of Effluent Treatment. Students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

Chrome is an indispensable input in chemical tanning of pelt. For mass transfer reasons, not more than 80% of the chrome feed is absorbed by the leather leaving a balance of over 20% in the effluent. This leads to material loss if disposed untreated.

In addition, the attendant possible oxidation of chromium (III) to chromium (VI) (in the presence of manganese (IV) oxide or under alkaline conditions) known for its carcinogenic effect,makes it necessary to remove good part of the chrome from the effluent before its disposal to sewers or surface water.

In this work, treatment CHELTECH (Zaria) tannery’s ‘mixed effluent’ with varying amount of MgO (10 – 60 mg/l) at different contacting times (15 – 120 minutes) reduced the concentration of chromium in the effluent from 29.86 to 0.06 mg/l.

This is equivalent to 99.8% chromium removal. The 0.06 mg/l minimum chromium concentration value in the treated effluent falls within the recommended limit for discharge into sewers and surface waters. Chromium recovered from the mixed effluent is known to produce hard leather due to the presence of lime in the effluen

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Tannage is the key operation that transforms raw skins into leather, (Booker and Priestly (1994)). This operation dates back to some three thousand (3000) years; however, the science of leather tanning is largely a product of the twentieth century.

The actual tanning procedure employed by different tanneries is quite varied, e.g. vegetable and mineral tanning, hence little standardization of unit processes has been achieved.

Tanning and finishing of leather in the mechanized way in Nigeria started in Kano, in 1949 and currently not less than 32 tanneries have been established in the country.

The installed capacity of the tanneries for the production of wet-blue leather is above 8.5 million kilograms (17 million pieces) per annum, which is equivalent to 80 million square feet. If processed to finished leather, this will earn the country about 200 million US Dollars per annum at the selling price of 2.5 Dollars per square foot.

Were all the hides and skins processed in Nigeria to leather and the leather subsequently converted to footwear, the total foreign exchange earning will amount to 600 million US Dollars per annum, (Paiko, (2002)).

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