Clinical and Haematological Studies in Dogs with Single and Mixed Experimental Trypanosoma Brucei and Ancyclostoma Caninum Infection

Description

– Clinical and Haematological Studies in Dogs with Single and Mixed Experimental Trypanosoma Brucei and Ancyclostoma Caninum Infection –

Download Clinical and Haematological Studies in Dogs with Single and Mixed Experimental Trypanosoma Brucei and Ancyclostoma Caninum Infection. Students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

Trypanosomosis is one of the most devastating diseases of animals caused by infection with a protozoan parasite trypanosome, which is transmitted by tse-tse fly. Besides anaemia, which is a cardinal symptom of the disease, infection also impairs the immune system of animals and renders them more susceptible to other.

Under natural field condition, in areas where trypanosome and helminth parasites are endemic, mixed infection appears to be common.

A study was conducted to determine the clinico-haematological manifestations in dogs experimentally infected with Trypanosoma brucei and Ancylostoma caninum singly and in combination. Twenty young local dogs were used in the study.

They were randomly grouped into 4 with 5 dogs in each group; group A (uninfected control), group B (infected with A. caninum), group C (infected with T. brucei) and group D (mixed infection with A. caninum/T. brucei).

For the mixed infection, dogs were initially infected with A. caninum and then T. brucei infection superimposed 23 days later by the time of patency of Ancylostoma eggs in the stool.

Results of this study showed that the prepatent period (PP) of A. caninum infection in the dogs was 24.5±0.4 days. The PP of T. brucei infection alone was 5.0±0.0 days, but was 4.6±0.22 days in the mixed infection.

Clinical signs of dullness, inappetence, anorexia, weakness, pale mucous membrane due to anaemia, rough hair coat were encountered in both infections.

Additionally, specific signs of bloody diarrhea and sunken eyes were present in A. caninum infected dogs while fever, swollen face, bilateral ocular discharge and corneal opacity accompanied T. brucei infection. A combination of these signs in a more severe form characterized the mixed infection of both parasites.

There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in the packed cell volume (PCV) in all the infected groups (B, C and D) as from day 19 post infection (p.i.).

Infection with Ancylostoma caninum caused significant increase (P<0.05) in the total leucocyte count of the dogs in group B from day 29 p.i., whereas significant decrease were recorded in trypanosome infected dogs group C and in mixed infection group (D) on days 38 and 34 p.i., respectively.

The absolute neutrophil counts significantly increased (P<0.05) in group B by day 29 p.i. whereas significant decreases were recorded in groups C and D from day 34 p.i.. There was no variation in the absolute lymphocyte count except on day 20 p.i. when an increase was detected only in the mixed infection group (D).

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

The trypanosome is a protozoan parasite transmitted by the bite of a tsetse fly to people and to wild and domestic animals in which it causes trypanosomosis (Maudlin, 2006; ILRAD, 1991).

The disease is widespread across more than a third of African continent infested with the tsetse fly vector (Feldmann, et al., 2005; Torr et al., 2005).

It is one of the most devastating diseases of animals in sub-Sharan Africa with estimated losses due to its direct and indirect consequences running into billions of dollars (Swallow, 1998; Ng’ayo et al., 2005).

Trypanosoma vivax, T. congolense and T. brucei are the most important African animal trypanosome species. Their infections in domestic animals cause anaemia, weight loss and reproductive disorders; infected animals may die if not treated.

Another striking feature of African trypanosomosis is its profound suppression of immune system of the infected
mammalian host (Goodwin, 1970; Goodwin et al., 1972; Rurangirwa et al., 1979; Griffin et al., 1980; ILRAD, 1992).

This impairment of the immune response due to trypanosomosis has given rise to increased susceptibility of
trypanosome-infected animals to other infections (Parkin and Hornby, 1930; Mackenzie et al., 1975; Scott et al., 1977; Nantulya et al., 1982; Ikeme et al., 1984).

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