Effects of Kaduna Refinery Effluent on the Water Quality of Romi River, Kaduna State, Nigeria

Description

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Abstract

The study examined the effects of Kaduna refinery effluents on the water quality of River Romi Kaduna State. The study was conducted within three (3) months and aimed at assessing the effect of KRPC effluent on water quality of the river before, after, and at the point of discharge, effect on farming, swimming, and fishing activities.

A structured questionnaire was designed to source information from farmers and the Physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals were analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer.

The before and after the point of discharge mean values for ph7.45 and 6.72, Temperature34^oC and 34^oc, TSS 68mg/l and 96.0mg/l, TDS 300mg/l and 324mg/l, Turbidity 12NTU and 16 NTU, Colour is light brown.

Oil and grease 2.7mg/l and 4.7mg/l, BOD 3.45mg/l and4.37mg/l, COD 45mg/l and 66mg/l, DO 6.7mg/l and 6.4mg/l, NO₃0.2mg/l and 0.7mg/l, Cu0.2mg/l and 0.36mg/l, Fe0.93mg/l and 0.2mg/l, Zn 0.27mg/l and 0.36mg/l, Pb0.221mg/l and 0.228mg/l, Cd0.022mg/l and 0.024mg/l, As 0.045mg/land and Cr0.22mg/l and 0.21mg/l were estimated.

The laboratory results were compared with the permissible limit allowed by NESREA and WHO and the result reveals that ph, Oil, and grease are within the standard at upstream and downstream but deviates at the discharge point.

Introduction

Water is a natural resource of fundamental importance; supports all forms of life and creates jobs and wealth, tourism, recreation, and fisheries (Ntengwe, 2005). Without water life, as it exists on our planet is impossible (Asthana and Asthana, 2001).

Water is an important geomorphic agent playing a significant role in weathering the most important energy regulator in the heat budget of the earth (Ayoade, 1988). Freshwater, therefore, is a renewable resource, yet the world’s supply of clean, freshwater is steadily decreasing.

Water demand already exceeds supply in many parts of the world, and as the world population continues to rise at an unprecedented rate, many more areas are expected to experience this imbalance in the near future(Wikipedia,2008).

The demand for freshwater has increased with the ever-increasing population in the world. About half of the people that live in developing countries do not have access to safe drinking water and 73% have any sanitation and some of their wastes eventually contaminate their drinking water supply leading to a high level of suffering (Vivian, Bashiru, and Adamu,2012).

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