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Effects of Particle Sizes on Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Sandy Soils

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Download Effects of Particle Sizes on Bioremediation of Crude Oil Polluted Sandy Soils. Civil Engineering students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

Bioremediation has been proven to be the most effective method of cleaning up oil contaminated soils through the application of nutrients and microorganism to contaminated soils.

Hence, this research was aimed at investigating the effects of particle sizes on bioremediation of crude oil polluted sandy soils. Six different soil samples were sieved using the B.S sieve sizes.

The sieve sizes were classified into X and Y such that X is fine to coarse sand while Y is very fine to coarse sand according to U.S Bureau and PRA (Public Roads Administration) soil classification system.

The soil samples were polluted  with  escravous sweet crude oil at a uniform rate of concentration under aerobic condition.

Treatment commenced after four days using nutrients and microorganism. Soil samples were examined  for physiochemical and microbial characteristics for a period of 42days.

Introduction

In Nigeria, particularly in the Niger Delta regions; the soils found are mostly sandy soils in shades of different colours of white, brown, grey and red. Sands are cohessionless aggregate of rounded, subangular or angular fragments of more or less unaltered rock or mineral particles of size from 0.075 -4.75mm (Murthy,2009).

The sand separates recognized are: very coarse, coarse medium, fine and very fine determined from  the  particle  size  distribution curve. The coefficient of uniformity which is an index value showing the  average slope of  grain size distribution in a soil depends on the gradation or distribution curve of the soil  sample.

According to Arora (2008), the larger the numerical value of coefficient of uniformity, the more the range of particles. Sand particles because of their size have a direct impact on the porosity of the soil. The high incidence and frequency of crude oil spill have been of great concern to Environmental Engineers in Nigeria.

This has given rise to intensive  research to  find  ways and means of generating information and data  required  to  assist  in bioremediation strategies of crude oil spills.

Before any remediation strategy can be done successfully, a lot of information would be required to aid the process (Bidemi, 2011). This information is meant  to  assist  in  the detection of and response to oil spill incidence.

Bioremediation is a means of cleaning up contaminated environments by  exploiting  the diverse metabolic abilities of microorganisms to  convert contaminants to  harmless products  by mineralization, generation of carbon (IV) oxide and water, or by conversion into microbial biomass (Baggott, 1993; Mentzer and Ebere, 1996).

In Nigeria, no  information  is  yet  available regarding the commercial production of fungi or microbial inocula for use in bioremediation of oil polluted environments.

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