Effects of Punishment Threats and Reward on Social Loafing

Description

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Abstract

This study investigated the effects of punishment threats and rewards on individual performance and group performance of social loafing. Forty students (20 male and 20 females) of Kings’ and Queens’ Comprehensive High School Enugu with a mean age of 14.26 years participated in the study.

The materials used were 3200 paper tiles (with a package of 160 paper tiles distributed to each participant). Social loafing was measured and scored according to the number of tiles a participant was unable to fix out of the package of tiles given to him or her; the higher the score the more the loafing.

The data were subjected to MANOVA and results indicated a significant main effect of punishment threat on group performance and rewards on both individual and group performance task.

There was no significant interaction effect of punishment threat and reward on social loafing. The implications of the findings were discussed and suggestions for further studies made. 

Introduction

In everyone’s life, there comes a time, when an individual will need to work as a member of a group. In the work place, colleagues are often required to work together on various projects. Group projects and co-operation are highly valued in the educational system.

Previous research has shown that group work produces a phenomenon known as social loafing-the tendency for people to expend less effort on a given task when working in groups than when working alone (Latané, Williams & Harkins, 1979).

More than a century ago, French engineer Max Ringlemann became the first to formally document the phenomenon now known as social loafing in an experiment in which he had people pull on a rope either alone or in group of two or seven. During 1882 and 1887, Ringelmann measured how hard they were pulling, using a strain gauge.

Latané, and colleagues, (1979) continued where Ringlemann left off by conducting an experiment in which they had people clap and shout either alone or as a member of a group.

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