Genetic Analysis of Growth and Some Reproductive Traits of Sheep of Northern Nigeria and their Crosses

Description

– Genetic Analysis of Growth and Some Reproductive Traits of Sheep of Northern Nigeria and their Crosses –

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Abstract

A total of 65 Yankasa, 23 Uda and 16 Balami ewes were mated to 4 Yankasa, 3 Uda and 3 Balami rams in a diallel breeding pattern to produce 192 lambs that were used to genetically analyse growth and some reproductive traits.

Weight records and linear body measurements were obtained from lambs at birth, 90-Day (weaning weight), 180- Day and 360-Day (yearling weight).

Blood samples (5 ml) were collected from all the ewes and rams used for the study. The blood samples were subjected to cellulose acetate electrophoresis to obtain distinct bands of haemoglobin genotypes (AA, BB and AB). Daily growth of the lambs was calculated using average daily gain (ADG) and relative growth rate (RGR).

The haemoglobin type HbAB was the most predominant in the studied population and allele A of the haemoglobin type was the most numerous. Breed and haemoglobin types had significant (P<0.05) effect on lamb weight. Crossbred lambs of Yankasa rams and Uda ewes (YK X UD) were the heaviest at birth.

Pure Balami lambs were superior to all other lamb genotypes in body weight at 90 and 180-Day. The heaviest 360-Day weight (18.73±1.53 kg) was recorded for lambs of HbBB. The ADG and RGR of lambs were affected (P<0.05) by dam’s haemoglobin type, lamb genotype, type of birth and sex of lambs.

Yankasa rams and ewes produced lambs with the shortest gestation lengths (151.84±0.23 days and 151.85±0.20 days, respectively). The highest litter size was recorded in UD X YK or BL X UD crosses. All the lamb genotypes had very high mortality from 180 to 360 days.

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Genotypic variations between and within breeds are a great resource for the improvement of animals (Akpa et al., 2010).

Variations in the ability of one breed of domestic animals to perform better than the other in productive and reproductive traits arise from the combined effects of genetic components and adaptation to the prevailing environmental conditions in which such animals are being raised (Adebambo, 2003).

Adaptation enables individual animals to survive in the environment in which they are managed (Willmer et al., 2005; Van der Werf et al., 2009). Sheep breeds in various tropical agro-ecological zones have adapted to the prevailing climates having survived in such environment over many generations.

Wilson (1991) stated that there are some reasons in Africa to attempt an improvement of sheep by utilizing non-African breeds. However, the use of non-African breeds of sheep should be under ideal climatic or management conditions for such breeds.

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