Genetic Analysis of Oil Content and Some Agronomic Traits in Maize

Description

– Genetic Analysis of Oil Content and Some Agronomic Traits in Maize –

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the mode of gene action that controls per cent oil, to estimate correlation coefficient between oil content with agronomic traits, to determine direct and indirect relationships between oil and agronomic traits and to estimate heterosis for oil content.

Sweet corn white and sweet corn yellow were used as high oil male parents, which were crossed to ten low oil maize varieties (Oba Super 2, SDM2, Sammaz 13, Sammaz 36, Sammaz 29, Sammaz 27, Sammaz 20, Ex Yola Dt, Sammaz 18 and Sammaz 37).

North Carolina Design II mating design was used to develop progenies. The evaluation was carried out at two locations, Samaru and Kadawa. Result for males and females sources of variation for Samaru indicated no significant differences for per cent oil while male x female sources of variation indicated a significant difference for percent oil.

Result for Kadawa indicated that males, females and males x females’ source of variation was not significant for oil content. For the combined locations, males, females and males x females’ source of variation indicated no significant differences for per cent oil.

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Maize (Zea mays L.) originated from Mexico; and it was introduced to Africa in the 6th century, most likely by the Portuguese. Maize is a temperate season crop, but breeders have developed varieties that can be grown in almost any climate.

Maize requires an average temperature of about 24 0C during the day and 14 0C in the night. Rainfall should be well spread (about 460 – 600mm) during the growing period (Miracle, 1966). Before the introduction of maize, millet and sorghum were the major cereal crops grown in West and Central Africa.

The dramatic expansion of maize production started from 1970 onward (Smith et al., 1994). The total land area under cultivation has increased in Nigeria especially in the savannah, while the yield per unit area is still very low, with less than 2t/ha as opposed to on station yield of about 6t/ha in the region (Fakorede et al., 2005).

In Africa, maize is complementing traditional starchy foodstuffs such as millet and sorghum (Miracle, 1966). Maize is the third most important cereal crop in the world after rice and wheat.

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