Geophysical Investigation of Road Failure Using Electrical Resistivity Imaging Method

Description

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Abstract

A shallow geophysical investigation for road surface failure using 2D electrical resistivity imaging profiling was conducted to produce an approximate model of the subsurface resistivity.

This study was done with the aim of revealing the horizontal and vertical geological discontinuities using electrical resistivity, an intrinsic property of all materials. Probable zones of untimely failure along the road are then investigated by variation in resistivity.

Four traverses were established on the road with one parallel to the road segment. The Electrical Resistivity Imaging (ERI) Profiling involving the Wenner array 2D Imaging was adopted for the resistivity survey.

The Pseudosection results revealed that the road structure is founded on a near homogeneous substratum indicating that the road is situated on a better geology than those from previous studies done in this geologic environment.

The apparent resistivity values for all the profiles ranged from 273.94 Ωm – 3566.7 Ωm for profile I; 1561.2 Ωm – 4062.4 Ωm for profile II; 714.36 Ωm – 3856.4 Ωm for profile III and 700.06 Ωm – 3994.65 Ωm for profile IV.

Introduction

The incessant incidence of pavement failure of road structure is becoming alarming and has become a common phenomenon in many parts of Nigeria. These failures have been attributed to a number of factors such as inadequate information about the soil and the incompetence of these subsurface geologic materials.

Failures are not limited to any particular geologic setting. Failures have been recorded on crystalline, basement, complex rocks and sedimentary formations.

The state of Nigerian roads had remained poor for a number of reasons. The number one problem is poor quality roads, resulting from faulty designs, lack of gutters and very thin coatings that are easily washed away by floods and hardly withstand heavy traffic. Secondly, funding of road maintenance has been grossly inadequate.

From 1999 to 2002 in retrospect, less than 10 per cent of the funding request made by the Federal Ministry of Works and Housing (FMW&H, 2002) for road maintenance was appropriated by the Federal Government of Nigeria (CBN, 2002).

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