Heterosis And Combining Ability For Grain Yield And Agronomic Traits In Some Sorghum Crosses (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench)

Description

– Heterosis And Combining Ability For Grain Yield And Agronomic Traits In Some Sorghum Crosses (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) –

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Abstract

Eleven entries (consisting of lines, testers and hybrids), were used to study general, specific combining ability and heterosis. The male and female lines were mated in a Line x Testermating Design.

In the study, analysis of variance showed significant difference was observed for yield and agronomic traits among the entries. This signified that they characters studied can be selected for genetic improvement.

Estimation of general combining ability (GCA) and Specific combining ability (SCA) were obtained for each male inbred, female parent and for all hybrids. The inbred lines 97-SBF5-DT-150A and Dangarko white contributed high GCA estimates for grain yield.

It was observed that parents that showed high GCA effects for grain yield, also showed high to average GCA for other agronomic traits, suggesting that GCA effects for grain yield could be related to combining ability effects and agronomic traits studied.

The hybrid 97-SBF5-DT-150A x Dangarko white recorded the maximum SCA effects for two out of the six traits studied namely, panicle weight and grain yield.

High-parent heterosis was observed for grain yield and agronomic traits for all characters except plant height. Among the hybrids, 97-SBF5-DT-150A x Dangarko white expressed high-parent heterosis for days to anthesis, panicle length, panicle width, panicle weight, grain yield and threshing per- cent-age.

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) is one of the major cereals cultivated in the world. As an important food crop, the ‘guinea’ or ‘kafir’ race is commonly cultivated in West Africaespecially in Northern Nigeria (House, 1985).

Sorghum originated in Africa, probably cultured in Egypt from where it spread to India and the Middle East (Kent, 1983). Sorghum is grown mainly in the arid and semi-arid tropics.

It ranks fifth among the important cereals in the world after wheat, rice, maize and barley and it forms an important dietary staple for more than 500 million people in more than 30 countries (ICRISAT, 2006). The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) statistics division estimates sorghum yield in Nigeria to be1.2 t/ha.(FAO, 2010).

Sorghum is prepared as food and drink, including unleavened bread, thick porridge (‘Tuwo’), thin porridge (‘Ogi,’ or ‘Akamu’), or boiled or steamed cooked grain eaten with seasoning and spices, alcoholic drinks (eg ‘Burukutu’ or ‘Pito’) and non alcoholic drinks (‘Kunu’)(Nwasike,1987).

The leaves and stalks are used as livestock feed and the stalk for fencing, fuel, basket and hut in northern Nigeria and a variety of other uses (Aluko and Olugbemi,1990).

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