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Isolation and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Phytopathogenic Fungi from Yam Leaves (Dioscorea Rotundata And Cayenesis) in Zaria, Nigeria

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Description

Download Isolation and Antifungal Susceptibilities of Phytopathogenic Fungi from Yam Leaves (Dioscorea Rotundata And Cayenesis) in Zaria, Nigeria. Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Medicine students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

Fungal attack of yams leaves has been reported to substantially result in low yam tuber yield.

This study was designed to isolate phytopathogenic fungi from yam leaves in Zaria, Nigeria and to evaluate their susceptibilities Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimun Inhibitory Concentration (MFC) to some antifungal agents (Terbinafine; Fluconazole; Flucytosine; Benomyl and Sodium propionate).

The fungistatic activities of these chemical compounds alone and in combinations at varying pH, temperature and different water sources used as diluents were investigated.

Fourteen fungi species namely Aspergillus niger, Cladosporium sp, Aspergillus ostianus, Scopolarium sp, Aspergillus flavus, Rhizopus sp, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus wentii, Penicillium oxalicum, Aspergillus cervinus, Penicillium sp, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus oryzae and Rhizopus stolonifer were isolated from infected yam leaves in eleven farms in Zaria, Nigeria.

The MIC values varied significantly from one organism to another. Generally, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus cervinus, and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most resistant to the test antifungal agents.

Introduction

Yams (Dioscorea spp) belong to the Family Dioscoreceae, order Liliales, subclass lilidae, class liliopsida (monocotyledons), division magnoliophyta (seed plants), sub-kingdom spermatophyte (flowering plants), sub kingdom tracheobionta (vascular plants) and finally kingdom plantae (plants) (Coursey, 1967a’b;.

The cultivated yam species in Nigeria are D. rotundata (white yam), D. cayenesis (yellow yam), and D. alata, (water yam).

There are also species of wild yam growing in Nigeria whose tubers are collected for eating in times of food shortage such as D. dumtorum (Cluster, or bitter yam), D. esculenta (Loir bark Chinese yam) and D. bulbifera L. (aeria yam) (Adeniji, 1970; Okigbo, 2004).

Yams are valuable source of carbohydrate, minerals (calcium, phosphorus, iron) and vitamins (riboflavin, thiamine and vitamin B and C) to the people of tropical and sub-tropical Africa, central and South America, parts of Asia including parts of China, Malaysia, Japan and Oceania and the Caribbean Islands.

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