Laboratory Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Cloves and Aloe Vera Leaves as Protectants Against the Maize Weevil, Sitophilus Zeamais

Description

Download Laboratory Evaluation of Ethanolic Extracts of Garlic (Allium Sativum) Cloves and Aloe Vera Leaves as Protectants Against the Maize Weevil, Sitophilus Zeamais. Zoology students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

This study evaluated the efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Allium sativum (Woodwill) cloves, Aloe vera (Miller) leaves and their mixture against Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) under laboratory conditions.

Experiments were carried out to check the toxicity, adult mortality, oviposition inhibition, repellent and anti-feedant effects of these plant extracts against S. zeamais. The experiments were laid out in a completely randomized design of ten treatments replicated three times.

The adult weevils were exposed to maize grains treated with three concentrations (200, 250 and 300mg/ml) of A. sativum and A. vera and equal proportion (50:50) of their mixture while the control was treated with only the solvent. 

Probit analysis revealed A. sativum had lower LC50 than A. vera and therefore was more toxic than it. All treatments recorded higher significant (p<0.05) mortality than the experimental control.

Most mortality occurred within 24hr of treatments showing that the extracts had no residual toxicity. Among the extracts used, the mixture recorded highest adult mortality (43.3%) followed by A. sativum (35%) and A. vera (30%).

Introduction

Insects are a problem in stored grain throughout the world because they reduce the quantity and quality of grain. Grains constitute the most important staple foodstuff for the ever-growing population in the tropics.

Grains are small, hard, dry seeds (with or without hull or fruit layers attached) harvested for human food or animal feed (Babcock, 1976). Agronomists also call the plants producing such seeds ‘grains’ or ‘grain crops’.

Grains include cereals such as maize, rice, wheat, oats, barley, sorghum, millet etc; legumes or pulses such as soybean, cowpea, pigeon pea, peanut etc and oilseeds such as mustard seeds, canola, sunflower seeds etc.

Cereal grains are all members of the grass family and they contain much starch, a carbohydrate that provides dietary energy. Legumes have higher protein than most other plant foods.

They also contain starch or oil (Vaughan et al., 1997). Harvested, dry grain has advantages over other staple foods such as the starchy fruits (e.g., plantain, breadfruit) and roots/tubers (e.g., sweet potato, cassava, yam) in being easy to store, handle and transport.

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