Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Horses and Horse Handlers in Kaduna and Zaria, Nigeria

Description

Download Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Horses and Horse Handlers in Kaduna and Zaria, Nigeria. Veterinary Public Health And Preventive Medicine students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is of great public health concern having become resistant to most commonly used antibiotics. They are associated with institutions such as hospitals, but are now increasingly becoming prevalent in community-acquired  infections.

The occurrence of MRSA in horses and horse handlers in Kaduna and Zaria, Nigeria was  studied. Nasal swabs from 240 horses and 65 horse handlers were collected through a one-stage cluster sampling and analysed using standard microbiological tests and genotyping methods.

Structured questionnaires were also administered to 65 horse handlers to assess for risk factors associated with MRSA colonisation. MRSA were found in 10% (24/240) and 6.2% (4/65) of the nasal swab samples collected from the horses and horse handlers respectively.

Of the 44 S. aureus isolates tested for antibiotic susceptibility, 54.6% (24/44) were resistant to penicillin and oxacillin, 47.7% (21/44) to erythromycin, 34.1% (15/44) to tetracycline, 22.7% (10/44) to amikacin and gentamicin, 6.8% (3/44) to sulphamethoxazole+trimethoprim, 2.3% (1/44) to ciprofloxacin, and 2.3% (1/44) were resistant to chloramphenicol.

Multidrug Resistance was found in 74.8% (21/28) of the MRSA isolates. SCCmec types I, III, and IV were found in both the horses and the horse handlers while only one horse was found to carry SCCmec V.

Introduction

Staphylococcus; meaning the “golden grape-cluster berry,” and also known as “golden staph” and Oro staphira) is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive cocci bacterium.

It is frequently part of the skin flora found in the nose and on skin, and in this manner about 20% of the humans are long-term carriers of Staphylococcus. (Kluytmans et al., 1997).

Staphylococcus aureus can cause a range of illnesses from minor skin infections, such as pimples, impetigo, boils (furuncles), cellulitis, folliculitis, carbuncles, scalded skin syndrome, and abscesses, to life-threatening diseases such as pneumonia, meningitis, osteomyelitis, endocarditis, toxic shock syndrome (TSS), bacteremia, and sepsis.

It is still one of the five most common causes of nosocomial infections, often causing postsurgical wound infections. Each year, some 500,000 patients in American hospitals contract a staphylococcal infection. (National Institute of Health, United States, 2007).

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