Occurrence, Morphometric Identification and Histopathological Lesions of Eimeria Species in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) In Zaria, Nigeria

Description

Download Occurrence, Morphometric Identification and Histopathological Lesions of Eimeria Species in Japanese Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) In Zaria, Nigeria. Veterinary Parasitology and Entomology students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

Coccidiosis is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the occurrence and identify the species of Eimeria causing coccidiosis in quails in Zaria. The samples for the study were collected in Sabon Gari and Zaria Local Government Areas of Kaduna State.

Four hundred faecal samples were collected from 10 farms, 40 pooled from each farm. They were processed using simple floatation technique and examined at x10 and x40 objective of microscope.

Oocysts shape indices (length/width) of sporulated oocysts were determined by measuring their length and width using a calibrated ocular micrometer at x40 magnificationand calculating the ratios of the length and width.Fifty birds were selected at random from the sampled farms and sacrificed.

The intestines were harvested and observed for gross lesions. Segments of the intestine were taken to the laboratory and opened up, and the intestinal contents were removed, examined and analyzed using Geimsa, Haematoxylin &Eosin stain and then observed microscopically for the developmental stages of the parasite.

A total prevalence of 45.75% was recorded forEimeriainfection, most of which were nonclinical. Information gotten from observations and questions asked showed that100% percent of the farms had an incidence of water spillage, while 50% had a high stocking density.

Introduction

Coccidiosis is one of the most important diseases of poultry worldwide. The disease is caused by protozoa of the Phylum: Apicomplexa which undergoes a direct life cycle with transmission between hosts by way of resistant oocysts.

In the host, the parasite grows and multiplies intracellularly in epithelial and sub epithelial cells, usually in the gut inducing enteritis (Gordon and Jordan, 1982). Flocks infected as a result of mild to severe exposure usually show a marked decrease in food and water consumption and birds become depressed and tend to huddle.

Decreased weight gains occur as a result of the disruption of the intestinal mucosa where minimal absorption is taking place. Diarrhoea may result as the host is trying to flush the organism from the body, which may induce dehydration.

Lesions of the intestinal mucosa and loss of pigmentation may also become apparent during the latter stages of infection (Conway and McKenzie, 1991; Edgar, 1992). The disease in some cases only occurs if a bird is subjected to heavy infection or its resistance to infection is lowered.

It is important at the outset to differentiate between infection and disease. The presence of infection does not invariably lead to the development of clinical signs of disease.

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