Soil Characterization and Land Suitability Evaluation of Anuka Farmland in Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria

Description

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Abstract

The land at Anuka, Nsukka Local Government Area of Enugu State in Southeastern Nigeria, under the sub-humid tropical climate was evaluated for maize (Zea mays), cassava (Manihot esculenta), yam (Dioscorea spp.) and oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) cultivation.

Data were obtained by field study and laboratory analyses. Six pedons were dug and described: two pedons each for maize and oil palm fields, and one each for yam and cassava fields. These pedons were dug to represent sampling units.

Auger samples were also purposefully collected from the sampling units at depths 0 – 20cm and 20 – 40cm. This was to investigate the nutrient spread in the area. Soil samples from the pedogenetic horizons of the pedons were collected after profile description, processed and analyzed.

The pedons were designated P01 = cassava field, P02 and P03 = maize fields, P04 = yam field, and P05 and P06 = oil palm fields. The textural classes of the soils included sandy clay loam, sandy loam, sandy clay, loam, clay loam and clay, but the dominant textural class is sandy clay loam.

The overall results showed that the soils are acidic; the phosphorus content is generally low; organic matter ranged from 0.42 – 4.31 %, decreasing down the profile depth and is medium (>2.0 %) for epipedons. Exchangeable bases are generally low

Introduction

It is important that the land that will be used for agricultural production should be used according to its capacity for optimization and sustainability of soil productivity (Adeboye, 1994).

This becomes very vital at this time when precision farming is gaining wider acceptance and the relevance is particularly more now in the developing world where the use to which a land is put is very often not related to its capacity (Senjobi, 2001).

A major problem of agricultural development in Nigeria is poor knowledge and appraisal of suitability of parcels of land for agricultural production. The result is poor farm management practices, low yield and an unnecessary high cost of production (Aderonke and Gbadegesin, 2013).

Land evaluation using a scientific procedure is essential to assess the potentials and constraints of a given land parcel for agricultural purposes (Rossiter, 1996).

The knowledge of soil limitations arising from land evaluation reports aims at ameliorating such limitations before, or during cropping period (Lin et al., 2005). Therefore, soil as a main medium for cultivation needs to be assessed (surveyed / characterized) scientifically.

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