Sputum Smear Conversion in Pulmonary Tuberculosis: An Intensive Phase Monitoring of Sputum Smear Positive Patients in Zaria, Nigeria

Description

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Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB) is a high burden global problem. Nigeria ranks fifth among the 22 high burden TB countries globally and first in Africa. Directly observed treatment short-course (DOTS) is central to all TB control programs.

One indicator of assessing the effectiveness of DOTS is through sputum smear conversion rates at the end of the intensive phase. Whether some of the patients become smear-negative early during the intensive phase has not been investigated.

There is a lack of data to clarify this research question. The rate and time to sputum smear conversion were determined as well as the relationship between baseline sputum smear grades and time to sputum smear conversion described.

In a longitudinal study at National Tuberculosis and Leprosy Training Center, (NTBLTC) Zaria was employed from January-June 2010.

Introduction

Tuberculosis (TB), long known to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world has for the past several decades been a neglected disease in both industrialized and developing countries.

Robert Koch in his presentation on the 24th March 1882 to the Physiological Society of Berlin on the discovery of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, an acid-fast bacillus that causes tuberculosis stated thus:

“If the importance of a disease for mankind is measured by the number of fatalities it causes, then tuberculosis must be considered much more important than those much-feared infectious diseases, plague, cholera, and the like.

One in seven of all human beings die from tuberculosis. If one considers the productive middle-age groups, tuberculosis carries away one-third and often more”. That burden still persists today and was thus declared as a “global emergency” by World Health Organization (WHO).

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