The Development and Evaluation of Analytical Procedures for the Determination of Heavy Metals in Industrial Effluents

Description

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Abstract

This project is concerned with the development and evaluation of an atomtrapping technique for determination of heavy metals in environmental samples. Modified atom-trapping technique using fabricated nickel tube/sample holder (crucible) was employed to increase the sensitivity of a flame atomic absorption spectrometry. 

Different designs and ways of placing the atom trap over the burner were evaluated to optimize the experimental conditions. The height of the tube’s support was varied, as well as, its design. The optimal position, for maximum light path through the tube, was obtained experimentally.

Results of this attempt using nickel atom trap method on a number of standards of lead, cadmium, copper, zinc, cobalt, manganese and nickel concentrations, showed high sensitivity for the technique (1.2 – 4.1-fold) when compared to the conventional flame atomic absorption spectrometry.

Introduction

Pollution is contamination by a chemical or any agent that renders part of the environment unfit for man or other living organisms. Pollution damages the land, water and air.

It results in contamination of the earth’s environment with materials that interfere with human health, the quality of life and the natural functioning of ecosystems. Pollution is usually caused by human actions but can also be the consequence of natural disasters (Rao, 2006).

A pollutant is defined as a substance that occurs in the environment as a result of human activities and which has a deleterious effect on the environment (Moriarity, 1990). Domestic, industrial and agricultural processes and other sources produce large quantities of waste products that cause rapid changes to the environment.

Exposure to the pollutant at sufficiently high concentrations can cause a variety of health effects (Dara, 2002). 

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