United States-israeli Relations and Security in the Middle East, 2008-2015

Description

– United States-israeli Relations and Security in the Middle East, 2008-2015 –

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Abstract

The historical ties between the United States and Israel is a crucial factor in determining the United States Middle East policy. The policy thrust of successive American leaders in the Middle East has been to preserve the state of Israel and help it to maintain military and economic advantage over her neighbors.

However, the relationship between the present American Administration and her Israel counterpart has been strained over disagreements on the best strategy to adopt in confronting the challenges facing Israel in the region.

Therefore, this study explored the American-Israeli relations as it affects the overall security in the Middle East between 2008 and 2015 in the context of the following questions:

(1). Is the strained relationship between United States and Israeli Governments the cause of the instability in the Middle East?

(2). Is the Obama administration’s Middle East policy undermining the security of Israel?

The data from this study was collected largely from secondary sources. Qualitative/descriptive method of data analysis was used. The paper argued that the myriad of crisis that engulfed the Middle East from 2008-2015 can be attributed to the strained relationship between the United States and Israel.

The study recommended that parliament in both countries should work closely to resolve areas of differences between the two countries in the overall interest of Israel in particular and Middle East in general.

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Plant oil are oils derive from plant sources, as opposed to animal fats or petroleum. Oils derived from plants have been used for thousands of years.

Plant oils have been a healthy alternative to animal derived oils since their discovery. Due to increase in human population and industries, the use of plant oil has drastically increased and as a result, oil from plant is less available and costlier these days unsaturated triglycerides are the main constituents of plant oils (Ahmed, et. al., 1999).

Oils are classified into essential and fixed oils. Essential oils are used to produce perfumes, flavors, deodorants, antiseptics and pharmaceuticals, while fixed oils are often edible because of their nutritional value (Kubow,1990).

The choice of the coconut seed in this work is due to the high yield of oil compared to other parts of the plant. It is an edible oil and have various application in food, medicine and industries (Obasi et. al., 2012).

Oil from coconut is used for cooking and are used as feed stock for biodiesel production. In addition to being used as skin moisturizer (Clark,2011). Extraction is the process of separation of a substance from a matrix and it can be done either mechanical extraction (expression) or chemical extraction (solvent).

It could be liquid-liquid and solid-liquid phase extraction (Young et. al., 1994). In this work extraction of oil from seed was a solid-liquid extraction.

Acid value is the amount of free fatty acid (FFA) present in oil or fat. The value of an oil or fat is the amount of base in milligrams requires to neutralize the free organic acid present in 1gram of fat or oil (Akoh and Nwosu, 1992).

Saponification value of oil or fat is the amount in milligrams of alkali required to neutralize the free fatty acid from complete hydrolysis of the sample. It is a measure of average molecular weights (chain length) of fatty acid present.

Peroxide value is a measure of it peroxide contained in the oil. A solution of oil in the mixture of acetic acid and chloroform is titrated with the solution of potassium iodide (Mattson and Grundy 1985).

Specific gravity or relative density refers to the ratio of the weight of sample to the weight of distilled water. It is given as weight of sample/weight of distilled water. It has no unit.

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