{"id":10627,"date":"2022-10-11T07:07:08","date_gmt":"2022-10-11T07:07:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/file.currentschoolnews.com\/?post_type=product&p=10627"},"modified":"2022-10-11T12:32:22","modified_gmt":"2022-10-11T12:32:22","slug":"chromium-removal-from-cheltech-zaria-tannery-effluent-as-a-form-of-effluent-treatment","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/pastexamquestions.com\/product\/chromium-removal-from-cheltech-zaria-tannery-effluent-as-a-form-of-effluent-treatment\/","title":{"rendered":"Chromium Removal from Cheltech (Zaria) Tannery Effluent as a Form of Effluent Treatment"},"content":{"rendered":"

– Chromium Removal from Cheltech (Zaria) Tannery Effluent as a Form of Effluent Treatment –<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n

Download Chromium Removal from Cheltech (Zaria) Tannery Effluent as a Form of Effluent Treatment<\/strong><\/span>. Students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Abstract<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Chrome is an indispensable input in chemical tanning of pelt. For mass transfer reasons, not more than 80% of the chrome feed is absorbed by the leather leaving a balance of over 20% in the effluent. <\/span>This leads to material loss if disposed untreated. <\/span><\/p>\n

In addition, the attendant possible oxidation of chromium (III) to chromium (VI) (in the presence of manganese <\/span>(IV) oxide or under alkaline conditions) known for its carcinogenic effect,<\/span>makes it necessary to remove good part of the chrome from the effluent before its disposal to sewers or surface water.<\/p>\n

In this work, treatment CHELTECH (Zaria) tannery\u2019s \u2018mixed effluent\u2019 with varying amount of MgO (10 \u2013 60 mg\/l) at different contacting times (15 \u2013 120 minutes) reduced the concentration of chromium in the effluent from 29.86 to 0.06 mg\/l. <\/span><\/p>\n

This is equivalent to 99.8% chromium removal. <\/span>The 0.06 mg\/l minimum chromium concentration value in the treated effluent falls within the recommended limit for discharge into sewers and surface waters. <\/span>Chromium recovered from the mixed effluent is known to produce hard leather due to the presence of lime in the effluen<\/span><\/p>\n

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Introduction<\/strong><\/h3>\n

1.1 Background of the Study<\/strong><\/p>\n

Tannage<\/span>\u00a0is the key operation that transforms raw skins into leather, (Booker and Priestly (1994)). This operation dates back to some three thousand (3000) years; however, the science of leather tanning is largely a product of the twentieth century.<\/span><\/p>\n

The actual tanning procedure employed by different tanneries is quite varied, e.g. vegetable and mineral tanning, hence little standardization of unit processes has been achieved. <\/span><\/p>\n

Tanning and finishing of leather in the mechanized way in Nigeria started in Kano, in 1949 and currently not less than 32 tanneries have been established in the country. <\/span><\/p>\n

The installed capacity of the tanneries for the production of wet-blue leather is above 8.5 million kilograms (17 million pieces) per annum, which is equivalent to 80 million square feet. <\/span>If processed to finished leather, this will earn the country about 200 million US Dollars per annum at the selling price of 2.5 Dollars per square foot. <\/span><\/p>\n

Were all the hides and skins processed in Nigeria to leather and the leather subsequently converted to footwear, the total foreign exchange\u00a0<\/span>earning<\/span>\u00a0will amount to 600 million US Dollars per annum, (<\/span>Paiko<\/span>, (2002)). <\/span><\/p>\n

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