Prevalence of Congenital Colour Vision Deficiency in Nigerians Living in UGEP, Cross River State
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Description
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Abstract
Colour vision deficiency and colour blindness are synonymous terms describing poor colour discrimination by the visual senses. Congenital colour vision defects are common, x-linked inherited, non-progressive and untreatable disorders.
However, population-based study on the broader impact of colour vision defects is limited. A descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted using Plates 1-17 of the 2008 edition of the Ishihara’s colour album. The study was undertaken in Ugep, a rural community in Cross River State, Nigeria.
A convenient sample of 1500 male and female subjects ranging from 10-60 years of age was used and the selection was based on cluster sampling. The study reveals that the prevalence of congenital colour vision deficiency in Nigerians living in Ugep is 1.87%(28 of 1500 subjects) and that of total colour blindness is barely 0.20%.
The gender distribution of colour blindness in the sample 2.8% for males and 0.7% for females indicates a significantly greater frequency of defect among males than females (p<0.001,df=1).
Introduction
Colour identification is one of our most important visual abilities and nearly everyone including colour vision defective individuals can see colour and make discriminations based on colour. This general tendency seems to query the rationale for screening colour vision and minimizes the benefits derived from available reports on colour blindness.
In the course of studying normal colour vision, investigators have observed a wide range of colour discrimination ability especially under such circumstances as the absence of cues, poor illumination, working at speed and viewing objects that subtend a narrow angle at the eye.
It is further observed that colour vision defectives show colour vision deficits when compared with those with normal colour vision (Ishihara, 2008; Williams et al, 1998; and Balasundaram and Reddy, 2006).
This makes it possible for most colour blind individuals not to be aware of their deficiency (Holroyd and Hall, 1997). Others speculate that clinicians are reluctant in colour vision investigations because should a congenital deficiency be identified there is no treatment for those affected (Adams and Haegerstrom, 1987).
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