Calcium Metabolic Indices of Pregnant Women with Proteinuric Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia

Description

– Calcium Metabolic Indices of Pregnant Women with Proteinuric Pre-Eclampsia and Eclampsia –

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Abstract

This case control study aimed at evaluating the calcium metabolic indices of pregnant women with preeclampsia and eclampsia was conducted on pregnant women attending Ahmadu Bello University Teaching Hospital at Shika, Nigeria.

A total of 60 pregnant women at gestational age of over twenty weeks were registered for the study after obtaining informed consent. The study subjects were divided into four groups: Two control groups (I-Pregnant normotensive & II-Pregnant hypertensive) and two case groups (III-Preeclampsia & IV-Eclampsia).

Characteristics of each participant were recorded using a pre- tested semi-structured questionnaire after which 5 ml of venous blood was drawn for biochemical and haematological analysis.

Results obtained showed Group IV had highest age group percentage of 60% followed by group I,II and III with 40%, 33.3% and 36% respectively, 40% of the pregnant women were housewives irrespective of their educational status and they survive on monthly income of less than ₦ 5000,

All the subjects have formal education. Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly different (P <0.05) in all the study groups and mean amount of dietary intake of energy, water, calcium and vitamin E were low in all the groups compared.

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Hypertension complicates approximately 10% of all pregnancies worldwide, and pre- eclampsia and eclampsia are major causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality (Duley, 2009).

Currently, pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension are considered either separate diseases affecting the same organs or different levels of severity of the same underlying disorder (Villar, 2006).

Based on available estimates and case–fatality rates, each year up to 40 000 women, mostly in developing countries, die of hypertensive disorders (Villar, 2004). Pre-eclampsia and eclampsia complicate 2– 8% of pregnancies and, overall, 10–15% of direct maternal deaths are associated with these conditions (Duley, 2009).

Calcium as a nutrient is most commonly associated with the formation and metabolism of bone. Over 99 percent of total body calcium is found as calcium hydroxyapatite (Ca₁₀[PO₄]₆[OH]₂) in bones and teeth, where it provides hard tissue with its strength.

Calcium in the circulatory system, extracellular fluid, muscle, and other tissues is critical for mediating vascular contraction and vasodilatation, muscle function, nerve transmission, intracellular signaling, and hormonal secretion.

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