Developing Maize (Zea Mays) Populations Resistant to Stem Borers for Southeastern Nigeria

Description

Download Developing Maize (Zea Mays) Populations Resistant to Stem Borers for Southeastern Nigeria. Crop Science students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

Development of maize populations resistant to stem borers depends largely on the existence of useful genes or alleles, which can combine to confer resistance to progenies.

Such genes are often available in areas of stress, having been responsible for the survival of such crops over the years. Pink stem borer, Sesamia calamistis (Hampson, Noctuidae) and sugarcane borer, Eldana saccharina (Walker, Pyralidae) are endemic in southeastern Nigeria.

Damages caused by the larvae of these moths are more prevalent during the second planting season (August-November).

Genetic diversity for a range of agronomic and resistance attributes within 209 local maize collections from southeastern Nigeria and 3 improved check varieties were investigated in field trials in randomised complete block design (RCBD) with two replications across three environments.

Data collected from the evaluations were subjected to both uni- and multivariate statistics. Furthermore, four traits namely, leaf feeding, ear damage, shoot breakage and yield were used from across three environments to construct a selection index.

Introduction

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most important cereal in the world after wheat and rice. In Nigeria, maize is popular and widely grown essentially because it matures during the “hunger period” and can be prepared in a variety of ways.

In southern Nigeria, maize is a major component of the cropping system serving as hunger breaker while other crops are yet to mature.

In the rain forest zone of southern Nigeria, two crops of maize are possible per year due to the bi-modal rainfall pattern of the zone.

The first season crop can be planted from mid March to first week of April while the second season planting is from mid August to early September.

The maize produced in the early season is quickly consumed to avoid damage due to high humidity related diseases and pests. Storage is best with late maize during the onset of the dry season.

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