Influence of Effective Lengths on Reliability of Hot-Rolled Steel Columns

Description

– Influence of Effective Lengths on Reliability of Hot-Rolled Steel Columns –

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Abstract

This work was carried out in order to check the adequacy or otherwise of the current prediction of effective length factor K on hot- rolled steel columns subjected to the axial load and see to their suitability in application to designing steel columns or compressive member in general.

Firstly the compressive strength of steel columns for Square Hollow Sections (SHS), Rectangular Hollow Section (RHS) and Circular Hollow Sections (CHS) were re-calculated using Euler’s formula for values of effective length factor K ranging from o.2 to 2.0 and for story height of 3m, 6m, 9m, 12, and 15m.

Secondly, two samples each of 3mmф diameter and 4mmф diameter rod were prepared the lengths of which ranged between 24cm to 36cm. These two samples of steel which were obtained from market were also confirmed with the venire calipers.

The buckling loads of each sample were determined using the apparatus shown fig.4.19 in the CCECC Nigeria Limited Laboratory in Damaturu, Yobe State.

From the relationship between the compressive strength and the slenderness ratios with varying values of K,. the limit slenderness ratio was found to be 15 at optimum effective length factor of 2.2 for SHS at 15.0m.

Also tests indicated that the minimum effective length factor K at buckling is 2.0 for pin-ended column which is 100% increase or twice the current value being used in the design. However, the buckling loads were found to be decreasing with increasing lengths for a given columns size.

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

In response to increasingly stringent architectural and cost requirement in modern buildings, the use of slender building elements, has become more common in steel sections, thus making it necessary to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the behaviour of these columns in compression (Khalil et.al, 2001).

The aim of structural design is first to provide, with due regards to economy, a structure capable of fulfilling it’s intended functions and sustaining the design loads for it’s intending life time (BS 5950, 1990). The requirement that a structure performs effectively without failure during its design life is fundamental.

Failure is implied in the sense of exceeding a certain limit state corresponding, for example, to a measure of un-serviceability or instability (Abejide, 2007; Ellingwood, 1978; Melchers 1974).

When making calculations to determine the sizes of structural members to resist tension, compression, shear, bending, or other structural loads, the engineer refers to standard specifications, code of practices and by –laws (Morgan, 1979).

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