Isolation and Characterization of Medicinal Principles of Pouteria Alnifolia Baker Roberty (Sapotaceae)

Description

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Abstract

Phytochemical screening of the plant Pouteria alnifolia indicated the presence of tannins, sterols, cardiac glycosides, flavonoids but no alkaloids.

Two triterpenes have been isolated from the stem bark and identified by GC-MS, and Carbon-13 NMR analyses as Betulin and Lupeol.

The extracts from the stem back were found to be antifungal: effective against Aspergillus nigre, Trichophyton rubrum, and Candida albicans inhibiting their growths at minimum concentrations of 10mg/ml, 20mg/ml and 5mg/ml respectively

Antibacterial screening of the methanol and ethyl acetate extracts showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans, at 0.625mg/ml, 0.625mg/ml, 1.25mg/ml, 1.25mg/ml, and 1.25mg/ml respectively for the ethyl acetate extracts.

Minimum bactericidal concentrations of the extracts against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, and Candida albicans were found to be 1.25mg/ml, 1.25mg/ml, 5mg/ml, 5mg/ml, and 5mg/ml

Introduction

With all the advancements made by mankind, man has continued to look at plants as important sources of medication for his ailments and new drugs are still being discovered.

Hippocrates (460 – 377BC) was reported to have listed approximately 400 different plant species for medicinal purposes (Sarker and Lutfun, 2007).

Today, in China alone, 7295 plant species are utilized as medicinal agents (Sarker and Lutfun, 2007).

To the organic chemist, plant constituents are merely a crude chemical brew that needs to be simplified to classifiable active principles (Mills, 1994).

A reductionist approach is usually adopted for the following reasons: (i) the isolated principles provide a scientific window into the medicinal usage of the herb.

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