Mathematical Modelling of Draught Characteristics of Selected Animal-drawn Implements on the Upland Soils of Samaru, Nigeria

Description

– Mathematical Modelling of Draught Characteristics of Selected Animal-drawn Implements on the Upland Soils of Samaru, Nigeria –

Download Mathematical Modelling of Draught Characteristics of Selected Animal-drawn Implements on the Upland Soils of Samaru, Nigeria. Agricultural Engineering students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

A study on the mathematical development of draft model for two animal-drawn tillage implements was conducted on the upland soils of Samaru, Zaria for three years (2008 – 2010). The draft characteristics considered include soil moisture content, bulk density, speed of operation, tillage depth and mass of the implement. 

A 2 x 3 x 3 factorial experimental design was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block Design. The experimental design comprised of eighteen treatments replicated three times. Results show that draft increased with increase in tillage depth and all the other parameters considered in the study.

The highest draft value of 432.1 N was obtained in treatment T18 [the combination of Mould board plough (I2), speed of 1.25 m/s (S3) and tillage depth of 16 – 20 cm (d3)] and the lowest value of 243.4 N was obtained in treatment T1 [the combination of Emcot ridger (I1), speed of 0.69 m/s (S1) and tillage depth of 5 – 10 cm (d1)].

In terms of grain yield, treatments T8 (I1S3d2) and T15 (I2S2d3) resulted in the highest grain yield (4.71 t/ha and 4.89 t/ha) for the Emcot ridger and mould board plough respectively. Analysis of variance showed that, the speed of operation and tillage depth significantly affected the draft of the implements considered in this study. 

Introduction

Agriculture is the dominant economic activity in terms of employment and linkages with the rest of the economy. Roughly 75 % of Nigeria’s land is arable, of which about 40 % is cultivated (NEEDS, 2004).

Agriculture in most developing countries including Nigeria is predominantly at subsistence level dominated by smallholder farmers (Umar, 1994). Due to their land size, and increasing population about 38 million in 1963 to 135 million in 2007 (Encarta Yearbook, 1997) these farmers cannot meet their food and fibre requirements.

The first operation the farmer has to undertake in growing a crop is to use a soil-engaging implement to prepare the soil (Anonymous, 1992). Agricultural production and rural transportation require power. An agricultural power source is of great importance in determining the level of mechanization and agricultural development in any country.

A study conducted by Sutton (1989) shows that farmers with access to their own farm power and machinery achieves better timeliness and intensity of farming operations such as tilling and planting on time.

Nowadays in any agricultural crop production system, humans, draught animals and engine or motors provide the motive power in various proportions for crop production, harvesting, transportation and processing (Rijk, 1989; Pearson, 2005).

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