Measurement of Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity in River Kaduna

Description

– Measurement of Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity in River Kaduna –

Download Measurement of Gross Alpha and Beta Radioactivity in River Kaduna. Physics students who are writing their projects can get this material to aid their research work.

Abstract

Thirty samples of river water were taken from the three zones, Farming, Residential/Commercial and Industrial Zones along the course of River Kaduna. The Total dissolved solids (TDS) was determined for the water samples. Also radionuclides present in the water samples were identified using the Exploranium, the identifier.

The radionuclides are ²³⁸U, ²³²Th and ⁴⁰K. The specific activities of the radionuclides in the river water samples were calculated, the average specific activity of ²³⁸U was 9.00 Bq/g that of ²³²Th was 3.93 Bq/g, and for ⁴⁰K the average specific activity was 199.10  Bq/g.

An aliquot of each sample was evaporated to dryness, based on the  total  dissolved  solids (TDS) of the sample, and the residue counted for gross alpha and beta activity  using the proportional counter. The results of characterization show that the counter has low background and good plateau, which were all reproducible, for all the channels and for different counting modes.

Introduction

Water is an essential substance to man, animal and  all that surrounds them. It  has been  in existence right from the origin of the universe itself.  Water  forms greater percentage of man’s and animal’s blood and tissue. The use of water cuts across industrial agricultural and domestic uses.

The two main sources of water are rain and ground water sources. The ground water can be deep  ground water like wells and boreholes, or surface ground water, like  rivers,  seas,  oceans, lakes and streams.

This surface water can also be collected, passed through purification processes and channelled through pipes as tap water. This is the most portable source of drinking water in Nigeria.

However, water sources are constantly polluted by some human activities and natural phenomena; thus adversely affecting the quality of water. Water pollution arises from wastes and sewage disposals into rivers and streams from industries, hospitals and rain- wash out from fertilizers used for farming.

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