Modeling of Water Quality of Bindare Stream in Zaria-Nigeria Using Matlab

Description

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Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop a MATLAB based simulation modeling using SIMULINK tools that produced dissolved oxygen sag curve, and applied it to Bindare stream in Zaria, Kaduna State-Nigeria, in order to assess the stream dissolved oxygen level and its self-purification capacity as a mitigation measure in stream pollution control.

Laboratory test of selected water quality parameters which includes Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), pH, Total Dissolved Oxygen (TDS), alkalinity, Electrical Conductivity (EC), and the temperature was carried out in four sections of the stream as stipulated by “Standard Method” along the 6-kilometer stream stretch.

Results generated by the model simulation included critical dissolved oxygen deficit D_c, critical time t_c of travel by the stream to attain D_c. The stream means dissolved oxygen DO of 6.4mg/L was obtained which was within the range Stipulated by APHA, AWWA, and WEF 1995.

Determination Coefficient R² (found to be 0.86) was applied to check the correlation between simulated and theoretical calculated results using the Streeter-Phelps dissolved oxygen sag formula.

Introduction

Water quality directly affects virtually all water uses, fish survival, diversity, and growth; recreational activities, municipal, industrial, and private water supplies, agricultural uses, waste disposal, and general aesthetics-all are affected by the physical, chemical, biological, and microbiological conditions.

Water quality impairment is often a trigger for conflict in a watershed, simply because degraded water quality means that desired uses are not possible or not safe (Heathcote, 1998).

Water quality can be defined as the physical, chemical, biological composition of water as related to its intended use for such purposes as drinking, recreation, irrigation, and fisheries.

Major rivers in developing countries serve multiple functions as an ecosystem, economic basis, water resource, and receiving water body, thus providing a livelihood basis for people living in the surroundings of its banks. Many of these rivers suffer increasingly severe pollution problems.

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