Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Nigeria

Description

– Biofilm Formation and Antimicrobial Resistance in Isolates of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa From Benue State University Teaching Hospital Makurdi, Nigeria –

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Abstract

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the biofilm-forming bacteria implicated in infections such as, urinary tract infections, medical device infections, middle ear infections, cystic fibrosis, wounds etc.

that pose serious threat to patients, resulting in prolong hospital stay, morbidity and high mortality, with ultimate economic burden and retardation of antibiotics effectiveness.

This study determined the biofilm production potential and antimicrobial resistance pattern in isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from Benue State University Teaching HospitalMakurdi, Nigeria.

All suspected Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from samples submitted to the Medical Microbiology Laboratory Unit of the Hospital within a period of six (6) months from August, 2013 to January 2014, were collected, purified and identified using standard microbiological techniques.

The distribution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates (n-81) confirmed were 32(39.51%) from ear swab, 24(29.63%) from urine, 17(20.98%) wound swab, and 8(9.88%). Majority of the isolates 54 (67%) were biofilm positive.

The prevalence of biofilm production by Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates in the different samples evaluated were as follows: 44.4% (ear swab), 27.8% (wound swab), 18.5% (urine) and 9.9%(blood).

Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates evaluated in this study were resistant to the antipseudomonad agents: 73% to Ticarcillin- Clavulanic acid; 32% to Ceftazidine; 28% to Ciprofloxacin; 26% to Amikacin; 20% to Gentamicin; and 1 % to Imipenem.

Introduction

1.1 Background of the Study

Biofilm which is an assemblage of microbial cells irreversibly associated with a surface is a prevailing bacterial life style, where the bacteria are usually enclosed in a matrix of polysaccharide material .

Large molecular weight  exopolysaccharides  are  often  components  of  the  biofilm  matrix  (Branda  et al.,2005). Depending on their locations, biofilms can either be beneficial or detrimental to the environment.

For instance, the biofilms found on rocks and pebbles underwater of lakes and ponds are an important food source for many aquatic organisms.

Biofilms that develop on the interiors of water pipes might cause clogging and corrosions (Litzler, et al., 2007), while those on indwelling medical devices, medical implants materials and tissues releases antigens

which stimulate the production of antibodies, that can causeimmune complex damage to surroundingtissues (Wolcot et al., 2008), or cross-infections in hospital patients (Abreuet al., 2013).

Infections resulting from pathogenic biofilms are characterized by a chronic or recurrent nature and are highly resistant to conventional treatments (Honget al., 2014).

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