Development of an Improved Multi-Hop Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Cluster Head Load Balancing Technique

Description

– Development of an Improved Multi-Hop Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on Cluster Head Load Balancing Technique –

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Abstract

Energy conservation in wireless sensor networks (wsns) is a key area of research aimed at addressing the challenge of efficient energy utilization. This is due to the fact that the sensor nodes (sns) have limited energy. The limited energy has to be utilized efficiently in order to provide a longer network lifetime for the wireless sensor network (wsn).

To reduce energy consumption in wsns, an improved multi-hop routing protocol (meemrp) in wsns based on cluster head (ch) load balancing technique was developed in this research work.

The protocol used the residual energy (re) of cluster heads (chs) and adopted an election energy threshold (t_nhch) to reduce the energy consumption of the sns in the network, thereby increasing the network lifetime.

Introduction

A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a network that is composed of hundreds of sensor devices that communicate over wireless channels (Vijayan & Raaza, 2016). This communication is governed by unique routing protocols (Vijayan & Raaza, 2016).

The sensors are equipped with data processing and communicating capabilities with a sensing circuitry that is able to sense environmental conditions such as temperature, pressure, humidity levels, etc, and convert them to electrical signals.

These conditions help to tell certain details about the surrounding environment. The sensors transmit their sensed data via an inbuilt transmitter as electromagnetic signals to a designated base station (BS) either directly (Akkaya & Younis, 2005) or through an intermediate node (Gupta et al., 2017).

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