Erosion Modeling In Northern Makurdi, Benue State, Nigeria

Description

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Abstract

Erosion is one of the major problems in Nigeria and the Benue State in particular. Uncontrolled deforestation, unhealthy agricultural practices, indiscriminate land clearing due to urbanization resulted in widespread soil erosion over the land surface of Northern Makurdi.

The objectives of this thesis were to determine the major causes of soil erosion in the study area, estimation of the average amount of annual soil loss using the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) model and to map and analyze the distribution of soil erosion sites within Northern Makurdi for the years 2003 to 2012.

Data on rainfall Data, soil erodibility, topography, cover management, and support practice were utilized. The sediment yield of the study was estimated to be between 0 to 48ton/ha/yr. This number is expected to increase with time as agricultural activities and deforestation continue to take place.

The major causes of soil erosion within the study are the erosivity of the rainfall, low cover management and support practice. The estimated soil losses were higher at Utagudu, parts of Agan, North Bank, Ajoraku, and Ihyev settlements, Akondonyou, some parts of North bank and Kwabo areas recorded low losses.

Land use mostly affected by very high and severe erosion are the bare soils and the croplands. About 62% of the study area suffered low erosion, less than 15% of the study with moderate and high erosion, and 34% of the study suffered severe erosion. Land use mostly affected by very high and severe erosion are the bare soils and the croplands.

Introduction

Soil erosion is a persistent problem that threatens the fragile economies of many developing nations, especially those countries where the density of the population is high and the carrying capacity of the land is being stretched to its limits (Bee, 1983).

Soil erosion is a hazard traditionally associated with agriculture in tropical and semi-arid areas and is important for its long-term effects on soil productivity and sustainable agriculture (Morgan, 1995). Since the soil renews itself, although slowly, some erosion is permissible as long as no more soil is eroded than is formed.

However, if the soil is removed faster, the quality of the soil as a crop-growing medium decreases, production costs will rise and at a certain stage economic crop production will no longer be feasible (FAO, 1977).

According to FAO (1977), soil erosion is a major global environmental problem, having widespread and serious negative effects on water quality and biodiversity and promoting the emission of climate-changing greenhouse gases.

Soil erosion is one of the most critical environmental hazards of modern times throughout the world. Vast areas of land now being cultivated may be rendered economically unproductive if the erosion of soil continues unabated (Asiabaka and Boers, 1988).

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