Soil Dispersion and Hydraulic Conductivity in Relation to Clay Content, Exchangeable Sodium Percentage and Electrolyte Concentration in Soils of Southeastern Nigeria

Description

– Soil Dispersion and Hydraulic Conductivity in Relation to Clay Content, Exchangeable Sodium Percentage and Electrolyte Concentration in Soils of Southeastern Nigeria –

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Abstract

The objective of the study was to investigate the influence of some soil properties on dispersion and hydraulic conductivity of soils. Twenty soil samples collected from a depth of 0-20 cm were analyzed for their physical and chemical properties.

The  total clay fraction  (clay) of the particle size distribution ranged  from 80 to  380 g/kg with a mean of 203  g/kg   and a coefficient of variation (CV %) of 47.5%.  Total silt was between 20  and  400  g/kg with a mean of 129g/kg and a CV of 86.9%.

Water-dispersible clay (WDC) varied from 60 to 160 g/kg, with an average WDC value of 95.5g/kg and a CV of 30.1%. The values of water- dispersible silt (WDSi) ranged between 10 and 380 g/kg with a mean value of 101g/kg and a coefficient of variation of 109.7%.

The electrical conductivity of the soils ranged  from 16  to 22 μS/cm with a mean of 17.95 μS/cm and a coefficient of variation (CV %) of 9.30%. The exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) of the soils varied from 0.43 to 2.76% with a mean of 1.1% and CV of 46.36%.

Introduction

Clay dispersion leads to soil erosion which is a major environmental problem in several parts of southeastern Nigeria. Soil erosion has been directly linked to the rate and volume of water- dispersible clay in a soil.

Potential soil erosion in areas of high rainfall has been estimated  using water-dispersible clay and its indices (Amezketa et al., 1996; Igwe 2001; 2003; 2005; Igwe and Agbatah 2008; Calero et al., 2008).

Soil dispersion hardens soil and blocks water infiltration, making it difficult for plants to establish and grow. The major implications associated with decreased infiltration due to sodium-induced  dispersion  include;  reduced  plant available water and increased runoff and soil erosion (Warrence  et  al.,  2003).

Dispersion causes a reduction in macro porosity and therefore, lowers infiltration rates and hydraulic conductivities as well as an increase in soil strength and other undesirable soil physical properties.

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